Charles Horak and Charles Horak

[00:01] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: My name is Charles Joseph Horák junior. My age is 83 years and today is February 8 of 2023. And we're located here in El Paso, Texas.

[00:20] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And my name is Charles Joseph Horák III, and I'm presently 58 years old. Today is February 8, 2023. We are in El Paso, Texas, and my interview partner is my father, Charles Joseph Horák junior. Thank you, dad, for coming in today. We've been your whole life. You've talked about history and El Paso and your family and our family. And I've been thinking about all the threads that have woven through West Texas and how far back we go. We've often talked about which kids or what generation El Paso. And some of that got a little muddled, so I thought we'd start at the beginning, which is to retrace how the first branch of our family tree came to West Texas. And I think it's on your mother's side. What would have been your grandfather's mother came out here, I think, in the 19th century.

[01:36] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yes. My. What I called my granny, my great grandmother. She arrived in El Paso. I'm not sure of the exact date. It was either 1881 or 1882. The railroad didn't show up here till 82. And I'm thinking she arrived here just before the railroad came. And she always told me that she came by covered wagon. And I'm not positive as actually where, what town they came from, but they were in the San Antonio area for a period of time. She was only anywhere from eight to nine years old when she would have arrived here in El Paso.

[02:25] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And do you remember her? Was she still alive when you were alive?

[02:29] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Oh, yes. She died here in El Paso and I in 1959. And so she was invalid for a long time. But she had a good mind and I would visit with her regularly and she couldn't hear. Was one of the problems is at my age, I could go and visit with her and she would talk and she'd have her bible there and she would tell me all about. About the Bible and what I was supposed to do. And she always reminded me as a young boy that I was to be careful of what I do because idle hands is the devil's workshop, she would tell me. And she must have already had an opinion as to what kind of a boy I was because she just kept plowing that into me. And so that's one of my remembrance. And I remember it quite often as I was growing up because I would reflect back to what she had told me and. Nice lady.

[03:48] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: So she came in a covered wagon as a child. And I gather at some point she moved away briefly and had a son named Harrison Davis who was your grandfather. And he was born somewhere else. But then they moved back here when he was a boy.

[04:12] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah. There's one lap there that I'm not too positive about. But she came here as a child. Somewhere along the way she must have met up with her husband and they went back down to somewhere in the general neighborhood of Kerrville, Texas. And they had a family of nine boys. Not nine boys, five boys. But they split up at some point.

[04:50] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Meaning they got divorced.

[04:52] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Right.

[04:52] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: They got divorced and kind of uncommon for those days.

[04:57] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah. And she came back to El Paso with my grandfather, who was the eldest of the five and he was about eight to nine years old when they arrived back to El Paso. So she made another appearance here with my granddad at eight or nine years old.

[05:20] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: That would have been, I think around 19050, six somewhere in that area.

[05:24] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, exactly. And he went to school. I got a picture of him being in school but he only stayed there for, best I can tell, about three, three years did he go to school. So he didn't get a whole lot of formal education but he had a very interesting life.

[05:49] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And at some point he went into the, what was called the Texas infantry and was stationed, I gather, in Alpine, Texas. So at some point he left here perhaps as a teenager and entered the Texas infantry.

[06:06] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, he joined the Texas infantry but he would have been about 80, maybe 19, maybe 19 years old when he joined there. And he was stationed there for a period of time, probably two to three years. And he met my grandmother there also in Alpine. In Alpine. And it was shortly after they were to be married. He left Alpine, got discharged, came back to El Paso and joined up with General Pershing when he and his troops went into Mexico to chase Pancho Villa after Pancho Villa had raided Columbus, New Mexico. And my granddad became, became a, this was a transition in the military from mules to mechanical trucks. And my granddad became a truck driver going into Mexico.

[07:45] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Right. And it's an interesting story because we were reading some, I guess him reminiscing in the newspaper in the fifties or early sixties, the El Paso Times. He was reminiscing about coming to El Paso in 1916 and that he saw he had already gotten out of the Texas infantry in Alpine and had moved here with his new wife, which was your grandmother Margaret, and saw an ad for drivers wanted in Columbus, New Mexico to help the army with all of these mechanized vehicles they had. And he decided to go out and offer his services, having never driven a motorized vehicle before, apparently. And he tells the story in the newspaper about getting to Columbus and they had 30 or 40 trucks lined up and they had somebody behind each wheel and he was towards the back and he would watch each person in front of him what they did, what pedals they pushed, what they did with their hands. And by the time they got to him he was proficient enough with mimicking driving that he got the job.

[08:58] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Well, that is probably true because he was number one. He was always interested in how things worked. And you go backwards a little bit. He went up into the black mountains there.

[09:21] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: New Mexico, near the Gila national.

[09:24] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Forest as a teenager. And he spent a winter in a cave up there, trapping. And when they come out of there in the spring there was what is now known as the dam there at Caballo. Caballo, yeah. And they were building that. And he always told a lot of stories about that time, that winter that he spent there. So he was adventuresome and wasn't afraid of anything. And later in his life we'll talk maybe about the fire department and what he did.

[10:08] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Did he ever talk about or tell stories about going with general Pershing and the army into Mexico? That was the, I think they called it the punitive expedition of 1916.

[10:20] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah. He went as far as parral, Mexico and driving that truck. And that's about the size of it. I don't know how much time all that was. I wouldn't think it was even a year that they went down there and came out because Pershing got called up to take all of his troops to World War one in France. So, you know, those he, Pershing came out of Mexico in order to get up to get to France and with his troops for World War one.

[11:05] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: I want to back up a bit back to Alpine in 19, early 19 hundreds. Your grandmother, whom Harrison Davis married in Alpine and soon moved to El Paso, we think around 1916. She was there for several years and her father was actually murdered there. And I think you found one time his gravestone and some information about that. But apparently she may have witnessed that murder. Did she ever talk about that time in Alpine? This is Margaret, your grandmother, my great grandmother.

[11:49] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: She liked to talk a lot about a lot of things but she never once and I never plied, tried to get her to talk about it. But the article in the newspaper from Alpine at that time that her dad was killed stated that they have her name wrong. But everything else clicks up that it was her, the child, the daughter was observed the shooting, but she never talked about it. But in research, we determined that she was there and she observed it. And she was 14 years old. And she then married my grandfather later in that same year. So they got married when she was 14, he was 22.

[13:02] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And soon after moved to El Paso. Yeah.

[13:05] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: And she brought her mother with her and who at that point was a widow, widow. And so they came to El Paso, but the mother died at Beaumont hospital here with the plague, whatever it was at that point in time, 1919, 1920, whenever that was. Well, she died in 2027. Yeah, she died in 27.

[13:35] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And that would have been your great grandmother?

[13:37] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: That would have been my great grandmother, who I never knew.

[13:40] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Yeah.

[13:41] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: From that family.

[13:42] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: I have a vague recollection of Harrison Davis, my great grandfather, who went to Columbus with General Pershing. I think he died when I was about five, but I have an image in my head of him sitting on a porch up there in the northeast, their house, I think they had a side porch there. So I have a mental image of him. But he goes with Pershing for a few months into Mexico in 1916, and comes back to El Paso. And apparently because of his newfound skill of driving trucks and knowing about motors and things, he pretty quickly gets a job with the El Paso fire department, who is also transitioning from horse drawn vehicles to motorized vehicles. And that begins a long association with the fire department, which would lead him all the way to becoming fire chief of El Paso.

[14:43] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, you think about that. And I've got pictures of him when he was in the early stages of that career, and it was 1917 that he joined up with the fire department. And he was there for 47 years. And during that time, of course, he progressively got rank. And again, he was a good mechanic type person. And so he became well known nationally as to. And he is, he's the fellow who pumpers that, we have pumpers on fire trucks today. And he was the one that worked with an outfit out of Ohio to perfect the pumping mechanism of the, what we now know as the fire trucks. He also went, for twelve years, he went to, down in Texas A and M to give classes on the mechanics of the trucks. And he, during World War two, he made, the governor of Texas, used him to go around and give talks to various groups on how to be prepared and ready in case there was any kind of invasions. So he was a master of all kinds of things. But he also stayed in the fire department beyond what the, at that time, what the city would allow people to stay. They used to kick him off at 65 well, he wasn't ready to quit, so they changed it so he could stay until he was 70. And so he was well respected and he did a lot for our city, for sure. The insurance rates in El Paso was the lowest. The fire insurance rates were the lowest in the state of Texas. And during his own time, because he worked hard to do to see that that was the case.

[17:24] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Part of the story of our family and in researching a lot of this history and going back generations is to see how, you know, the wandering through West Texas and the settling in El Paso and the ways in which so many of our ancestors contributed to the city. When Harrison and Margaret moved here in 1916, I guess soon after, they had a daughter, Thelma, who would become your mother, and she grew up here. She was born here in El Paso and met a young guy, I guess, at some point, who was the first Charles Joseph Horák the senior who, thanks to the army, brought him here from Iowa. What year did your father come to El Paso?

[18:12] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Well, he was, there's a story there, and the story is that his parents are, they came from Czechoslovakia. And so my dad didn't even know how to speak English until he started school.

[18:35] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And this is in Iowa.

[18:36] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: This was in Iowa, Vinton, Iowa. And he was 2000. 1910 was his birth year. And so he went to school, he learned English, he played football. And even his junior or maybe senior year, I'm not sure which, he and another fellow got caught smoking cigarettes and the coach kicked him off of the team. Them off the team. Well, this was during the bad times of our country. Jobs are hard to find and all that. Anyway, they jumped on a train and they didn't know where they were going to go, but they were on a box. Box, whatever you call Boxcar. Boxcar. They ended up in El Paso. That wasn't their.

[19:48] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: All the way from Iowa they rode a train.

[19:50] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, all the way down to El Paso. They got off here and they didn't know what to do or what to go. And he was only, I guess he was only 17 years old at that point. And. But anyway, they, they found out there was an army group here and so they decided, well, let's go join the army, which they tried to do, but my dad wasn't of the age, so they had to get wired down here from his mother approval for him to join the army at a young age, which he did. And he was in the army for nine here in El Paso for nine years. And he met my mother at about that time. And that's when they decided to get married. And he got out of the army, discharged at that point, and that's his army career.

[20:55] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: What's interesting is that at that time, her father, Harrison Davis, is in the fire department and rising through the ranks. And your father, Charles Sr. I guess at some point decides to become a police officer.

[21:14] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, he was. He tried to get into the police department, but there was a lack of time. And so for a period of time, I think probably less than a year, he was a butcher at the grocery store because he had some skills on that when he was in the army, I guess. And so he, so he did that butchering for about a year. And then the opening came and he got into the. He was able to become a policeman. And back in those days, back in those days, there was no requirement for education. And he liked my granddad. My granddad had no education, formal education. My dad, maybe the.

[22:17] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Maybe the high school, maybe.

[22:21] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah. Well, he didn't quite graduate. He never graduated. But nevertheless, they put him on and the rest is history.

[22:31] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: You take an oath and they give you a gun and a uniform and.

[22:34] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: You go, yeah, there was no training or anything. It was just. And I've got that. I've got his original, original badges.

[22:46] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: We've been talking about how history kind of weaves through our family. And I know one point of history in his life as a beat cop downtown. You've told the story before of him capturing one of the FBI's most wanted right here in downtown El Paso, right.

[23:05] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: There by the Plaza theater. Yeah.

[23:09] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Is that just he happened to recognize somebody from a sheet back at the precinct or.

[23:14] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, they carried, you know, and still do, I guess, carry pictures in one thing or another. And so this guy come by in a vehicle and they stopped him and arrested him. And he was one of the top ten at that time. And he, of course, my dad was just a policeman at that time. Walking to beat is what he was at that time.

[23:45] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: But he must have had some ambition, like others in our family story, because like your grandfather rising through the fire department, Charles Sr. Starts rising through the police department, finally making his way all the way to police chief of El Paso and actually overlapping with your grandfather, who's still fire chief for a brief period.

[24:13] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, that's interesting because they were serving. They were very much motivated to give the best. And taking my dad as an example, the example that he set was not only the fact that he was not educated, but he studied and he studied and he studied. Every time there was a new rank, you had to compete for it. And you had to take tests for it. And I remember him sitting in the house at night studying and studying and studying to be prepared. And he was. He. And every time a new position came available, he studied, he tested, and he never was. He was always wonde. So what does that tell me? That tells me that he was so motivated that all the rest of the policemen that were taking the same exam couldn't keep up with him.

[25:33] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Well, another history point that intersects with his life and your life is in August of 61, he's police chief. And the US has its very first airline hijacking right here in El Paso. And he is police chief at the time. Did he tell stories about that? You would have been, I guess, in college or just getting out of college in 61.

[25:57] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: I was in college when that happened. And the guy's name was Cody. That was guys that ambushed or took that place over. And they were all out. The police were all out there, and so were the FBI, I guess. FBI was there. He. They. There was an FBI agent. I can't remember his name now, but he was fighting cancer, and he was of the mind that he doesn't care whether he gets killed or not. You know, he was. He was fighting that cancer. So he's the guy that physically went into the. Well, let me go back. They put. They fueled that plane up and they took off, or was trying to take off, and they shot all the tires out from under it so it couldn't go. So that was step one. Then step two, this guy was still, of course, in the plane. So that's when the FBI guy went in and was able to, I think he hit the guy and this Cody guy. But anyway, the Cody guy didn't pull the trigger or nothing. And so they captured him. And that was the history of the first plane hijack.

[27:37] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Did all your friends at school ask you about that the next day when your name, his name appeared in the newspaper?

[27:46] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Oh, I don't.

[27:49] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: That was probably a big national story at the time.

[27:51] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Well, it was. I really don't remember a whole lot of hoorah within my friends, but I was proud of the fact that they accomplished the mission. But that wasn't the only one. There was many others that he was involved with.

[28:15] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And all of these ancestors to this point, none of them had gone to college or completed formal education, as you mentioned. So in 61, you and mom were both at then Texas Western College. She was, I guess, getting her degree in accounting and you in civil engineering about to get out, but you had in high school together and college been in ROTC, which meant that you two who were going to get married were going to go into the army because that was part of the deal. Right. You're an ROTC and they're helping you with your school and you owe them two years of service.

[28:56] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, I was obligated, of course, back in those days, you're going to get drafted or eligible for drafting, not like today, which, by the way, in my opinion, is the biggest mistake we've ever made, that we went to the volunteer army. But nevertheless, yeah, your mother and I got married two years into college, and we knew we were going to get married. And I knew that I was subject to being drafted as a private, and I decided it was not wise for me to have a wife and maybe some kids as a private. So I took ROTC so that I would be. Be an officer when that time came, when I graduated. And sure enough, that was probably good planning.

[29:53] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Well, you've always been a planner. You graduate with a degree in civil engineering, which means, I guess, you were slated for the corps of Engineers because of that background. They selected you for that.

[30:07] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Well, fortunately, I was able to get in the corps of engineers. When you get through and they get ready to take you in, you have to put two combat. They give you the opportunity to. To do that, to decide what you wanted to do. And one of my choices was the corps of engineers, which I luckily was able to get.

[30:44] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: So you went into the army at a time when the Cold War was pretty hot. And I gather soon after getting into the army, we had the cuban missile crisis. And this is one of the first times, I guess, you've really been away from home right in your life. Tell me what, recount for me what was going on during the cuban missile crisis, where you were, what your army position took you to at that point?

[31:19] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Well, I was an officer and I was at a school. I was second lieutenant, second lieutenant, and I was at school in Virginia when all that took place. And, of course, here we are, a bunch of young guys, and they're packing us all up, getting us ready to go down to Florida. And luckily we didn't have. We didn't go, but we was prepared to go because that got taken care of relatively quick.

[32:00] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And is at that point that you were sent to Fairbanks, Alaska?

[32:05] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, after I went to that school, then I went to Fairbanks, Alaska, and was with the 8th engineer.

[32:14] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: A very different place from the desert southwest.

[32:18] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, it was an adventure in itself and was one that leaves a lot of good memories.

[32:26] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: The cold war found you again there, and you shared a story that nobody in the family had heard a few thanksgivings ago, and I'm wondering if we can talk about it now. At the time, it would have been, I guess, considered top secret. You were sworn to secrecy.

[32:45] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Well, yeah, you know, they made a big deal about whenever that you got in a position where you were exposed to top that, you better. You better keep it and not share it with anybody. And I was.

[33:06] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And you did that for 50 years or more?

[33:08] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: I did that for over 50 years. Luckily. Luckily, I guess what I was trained to be prepared to do never happened, so.

[33:27] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: And what was that, that you were trained to do?

[33:35] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, I don't know. They sent me number one, I guess. I'm an engineer, and I was in the Army Corps of Engineer. And so they were. They were a portion, a small group of those fellows, which I was, one of them was trained so that if the Russians ever invaded us in Alaska, we would be prepared and know what our mission was.

[34:13] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Which was involved.

[34:18] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: You go Fairbanks. There's only one road at that point in time that got into Fairbanks, Alaska.

[34:25] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Came through a mountain pass.

[34:27] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: There's a mountain pass that you had to go through. There was the water company. There was the electric companies there. There were silos, three silos off in the mountains with all the big.

[34:53] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Intercontinental ballistic missiles.

[34:55] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Yeah, well, it wasn't the big ones at that point in time, but that's what they were. And it was all that kind of stuff. And somebody's got to, if we get invaded, somebody's got to knock all that stuff down. And that was what our job was going to be. And part of that job was to take. And they sent me to the big town in Alaska, to Anchorage. Anchorage, for training so that we'd be prepared to take small.

[35:44] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Nuclear weapons or bombs.

[35:47] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Nuclear. Small bombs that you would dig a hole, you'd bury them, and you'd have a big blast, and you would. That whole area of the. Of the. Of the pass would be blown up where nobody could get in there, at least for some time. Meanwhile, you'd knocked out the water and you'd walked out the air conditioner, electrical. You've knocked out the silos and you've done all that damage and you've gotten out of there. So it's not like the big blast, but it's a bigger blast than what you would expect from any normal. But we didn't ever have to use it, but we were prepared to do it. And we actually had the bombs there in Fairbanks available if and when did.

[36:48] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: You go out in the field and train for that? Or was it all academic and classrooms all academic?

[36:54] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Because very few people knew what the mission was. And if we had to do it, then, of course, we'd round up our troops and we'd take them to do whatever we had to do. But they would not have known. They did not know, and they would not have known what it was that they were fixing to have to be prepared to do. So leadership is what, the only ones that knew about it.

[37:18] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Well, thankfully, you never had to experience that. Other than that, I guess it was a great time in Alaska. I know you've shared a lot of memories over the years. You made close friends there that you stayed in touch with for decades. But in the 64, you had me, and soon after, a few weeks after, got out of the army and made the trek back to El Paso. And you've been in El Paso ever since. Did you ever consider living anywhere else?

[37:52] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Oh, I had opportunities to go other places, but chose to stay in El Paso. Cause this is home, and this is where we had family, and so that's what I preferred to do. And it was a good move on that part, too. But you talked about the. You talked about the cold war. Well, Vietnam was going on at that point in time, too, and they tried to send. They send me to send me to Panama. Was going to send me to Panama to get two months of jungle training. But luckily, the general, the commanding general, had taken me to lead a group of people to do construction work on the post, and he was able to keep me from having to go to Panama. Otherwise, you know, where I would have ended up.

[38:53] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Well, that was very.

[38:54] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: So I dodged that bull bullet.

[38:56] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: Yeah, you got out just before things ramped up a lot in Vietnam and came back to El Paso, where I think one of the hallmarks of El Paso, what makes it partially unique, is that there are so many families here with such deep roots, and ours is one of them. Did you ever think that two of your three children would ever live here again?

[39:21] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: No. Didn't expect it, the way you guys were so interested in going wherever. But, yeah, two of the three have showed back up here, and we're appreciative of that. If we can just get the grandkids coming back, it would be nice.

[39:36] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K III: So I think we've determined the grandkids are the ones that were raised here, were 6th generation El Paso ones. If we go all the way back to those covered wagons at the very beginning, 140 years ago, it's a pretty remarkable family story. We've just barely scratched the surface. We'll call this part one, maybe. And one day we'll do this again and move forward in time. I'd love to hear more stories about yours and mom's early days and how all that went. But thank you for coming in today and sharing all of this.

[40:10] CHARLES JOSEPH HORU00E1K JUNIOR: Thank you all for making it available.